Web applications are susceptible to various security threats, and it's crucial to be aware of these risks to implement effective security measures. Here are some common web app security threats:
1. Injection Attacks:
- SQL Injection (SQLi): Attackers inject malicious SQL code into input fields to manipulate a database.
- Cross-site Scripting (XSS): Malicious scripts are injected into web pages viewed by other users.
2. Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF):
- Attackers trick users into performing unwanted actions without their knowledge by exploiting the trust that a website has in the user's browser.
3. Cross-Site Script Inclusion (XSSI):
- Similar to XSS, but involves including external scripts on a webpage, often bypassing the Same-Origin Policy.
4. Security Misconfigurations:
- Improperly configured security settings, default credentials, and unnecessary services can lead to vulnerabilities.
5. Broken Authentication and Session Management:
- Weaknesses in user authentication and session management can allow unauthorized access to user accounts.
6. Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR):
- Exploiting access controls to gain unauthorized access to data or functionality.
7. Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards:
- Attackers trick users into visiting malicious sites through manipulated redirects or forwards.
8. File Upload Vulnerabilities:
- Uploading malicious files that can execute code on the server or compromise the application.
9. Security Headers Missing:
- Lack of proper security headers (e.g., Content Security Policy, HTTP Strict Transport Security) can expose the application to various attacks.
10. XML External Entity (XXE) Attacks:
- Exploiting vulnerable XML processors to disclose internal files, cause a denial of service, or execute remote code.
11. Security Bypass:
- Circumventing authentication or authorization mechanisms to gain unauthorized access.
12. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS):
- Overloading a web application with a high volume of traffic to make it unavailable.
13. API Security Issues:
- Insecure handling of API requests, insufficient validation, and inadequate authentication and authorization mechanisms.
14. Clickjacking:
- Tricking users into clicking on something different from what they perceive, often by overlaying invisible elements on top of a legitimate website.
15. Mobile Code Execution:
- Exploiting vulnerabilities in mobile apps that allow the execution of malicious code.
To mitigate these threats, it's essential to follow secure coding practices, conduct regular security assessments (such as penetration testing and code reviews), keep software and libraries up to date, and educate developers and users about security best practices. Implementing a robust security policy and using security tools can also help protect web applications from various attacks.
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